The 12th century was a transformative period in Islamic history, notably marked by the rise of Saladin. As the Seljuks’ power waned, numerous heroes, including Saladin, emerged. Saladin, of debated Kurdish or Arab origins, rose under the tutelage of Nur ad-Din Zengi. Following multiple battles against various dynasties and Crusaders, Saladin achieved significant victories, culminating in conquering Jerusalem, thereby leaving an enduring impact on Islamic culture and history.